NOTES

1. The importance of the press during the anti-American war is expressiy recognized by Nguyen Van Linh himself, through his experience as former chief of propaganda of the COSVN (Central Office for South Vietnam), cf. Nguyen Van Linh, "Nha Bao phai co Tam Long Cuong Truc", Nhan Dan, June 24, 1987.
2.	Tap Chi Hoc Tap, December 1976, p. 127. 3.	ibid., p. 83.
4.	Cf. Nguyen Van Canh, Vietnam under Communism, 1975- 1982, (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, p. 155.
5.	The theory is named "selective exposure" by P.F. Lazarsfeld; cf. C.R. Wright, Mass Communication, (New York: Random Press, 1961), pp. 73-74.
6. Regarding the appeal of the myth of Marxist revolution in the Third World, cf. Peter L. Berger, Pyramids of Sacrifice, (New York: Doubleday, 1976), C.lll. For the eschatological dimension of Marxism, cf. The fundamental treaty of Mircea Eliade, "Le Mythe de l'Eternel Retour", (newiy revised and augmented edition, Paris: Gallimard-Idees, 1969), pp. 170 ff.
7.	Francoise Thom, "Gorbachev, Le Grand Communicateur", Politique Internationale, l'Hiver 1987-1988, p. 243.
8.	Tuoi Tre, December 21, 1986.
9.	Le Duc Tho, "Nhung nhiem vu cap bach cua oong tac xay dung Dang", Tap chi Cong San, May 1986, p. 13. 10.	F. Thom, op. cit., p. 243.
11. Nguyen Khac Vien, 'Thao go troi buoc cho Van hoc Nghe thuat", To Quoc, December 1987, pp. 1-2. 12. Speech to the VCP Sixth Congress, reproduced in Saigon Giai Phong, January 8, 1987.
13.	The logic underlying the ideology and the legitimation tactics of the Bolshevik is the subject of Helene Carrere d'Encausse's Le Pouvoir Confisque, (Paris: Flammarion, 1980), cf. Introduction and C.I.
14. The outstanding exception to the rule is exemplified by Le Duc Tho admitting that "through diverse channels, Western culture and ways of lite are influencing our society", cf. Tap chi Cong San, May 1986, p. 12.
15. A few weeks after the launching of the price, wage and currency reform, Nguyen Van Linh, then Party chief of Ho Chi Minh City, appeared on the television to make official apologies, admitting the appalling errors of the reform. This new behavior will be adopted by the VCP Sixth Congress.
16.	Cf. Thai Duy, "Bao chi phuc vu ai?", Dai Doan Ket, June 18, 1986.
17. Nhan Dan, February 18, and 19, 1986. Cf. extracts from Yeltsin's report. 18.	Sagon Giai Phong, April 2, 1986. Cf. also the following issues.
19. From the personal observation and experience of the writer of this paper.
20. Tuoi Tre Cuoi (Youth's Humor), is the most virulent monthly in Vietnam issued by the end of 1984. It is definitely the most popular and widely circulated newspaper in Ho Chi Minh City and the South - 290,000 copies each issue.
21. From May 12, 1986 onwards, Nhan Dan, started publishing letters and other readers' contributions to the criticism campaign.
22.	Cf. for example Le Duc Tho, op. cit.
23. Increasing divorce cases shed light on the present condition of Vietnamese women, cf. Ho thi Xuan Hien, 'Tinh trang Ly Hon thoi gian gan day", Dai Doan Ket, July 30, 1986, p. 11. Peasants, the forgotten underdogs, will be given more and more attention since food shortages are once again becoming the country's nightmare, cf. Le Dien, "May suy nghi ve dong dat que huong", Dai Doan Ket, January 15, 1986 or Tran Dinh Van, "Nong nghiep bao gio thuc su hang dau", Dai Doan Ket, August 27, 1986, among many other outspoken reports on the fate of the peasants.
24. Tuoi Tre, August 17, 1986 on drugs and young addicts; Tran Kim Thach, "Co che moi nhat dinh thang", Dai Doan Ket, January 1, 1986, and Tien Dung va Luong Duyen Tam, "Tai sao chat luong dao tao dai hoc va trung hoc chuyen nghiep gan day giam sut?", Dai Doan Ket, August 8, 1986, pointed out the defects and difficulties experienced by young students in high schools and colleges.
25. As an outstanding example cf. Tuoi Tre, May 27, 1986, which made public the dismal report on corruption in Ho Chi Minh City by Nguyen Van Thuyen, Head of the city's Department of Interior Affairs.
26. Cf. Thai Duy,"Kheo thanh co tat", Dai Doan Ket, August 10, 1986.
27. Tap chi Cong San, January 1987, Report to the VCP Sixth Congress, pp. 77-78. 28.	ibid., p. 83.
29. Directive no. 15, June 21, 1987, made public on September 25, by the official press.
30. Starting May 1987. under the initiais N.V.L., short articles and essays by the General Secretary were pubiished in Nhan Dan, and reprinted in important official daily papers such as Sagon Giai Phong, TuoiTre. An analysis of the political impact of Linh's writings was published in Tap Chi Cong San, July 1987, pp. 2931.
31.	Cf. Thai Duy, "Bao chi phuc vu ai", Dai Doan Ket, June 18, 1986, p. 4.
Oct-Dec 1990	Indochina Report 23