32.	ibid., p. 4.
33. Nguyen Khac Vien in an interview with the magazine Dat Vet, (Canada) cf. September 1986, pp. 31-32. 34. Saigon Giai Phong, June 6, 1986.
35.	ibid.
36. Tran Dinh Van, "Su that la Suc manh", Saigon Giai Phong, March 23, 1986.
37. Nguyen Khac Vien, "Cau chuyen eu moi", Dat Viet, (Canada, September 1987) p. 28. 38.	rbid., p. 29.
39. Cf. note 47 below.
40. As a respected authority on the history of Vietnam, Le Thanh Khoi, in a conference recently, mentioned the influence of Confucianism on current political thinking in Vietnam, cf. Doan Ket, Paris, May 1988, p. 22. Another pertinent analysis of the Confucianist mentality of Vietnamese intellectuals and communist cadres is to be found in Nguyen Khac Viens article, "Confuclanism and Marxism", Tradition and Revolution in Vietnam, (Berkeley: Indochina Resource Center, 1975), pp. 15-52. Cf. also notes 89, 90, 91.
41.	Cf. Dat Viet, (Canada, March 1987), p. 19.
42. Nhi Le, "Mot su doi moi nhieu hua hen cua bac chi", Tap chi Cong San, September 1987, p. 50. 43. Radio Hanoi, Mardi 6, 1988.
44. Cf. for instance Saigon Giai Phong, January 11, 1987 with the feature article on the media and press conference on October 31, 1987 in Ho Chi Minh City.
45. Nhan Dan, August 17, 1987.
46.	By contrast, official ideology constantly stresses the superiority of "socialist democ racy" which is a "million limes" better than bourgeois democ racy, cf. Nha Nuoc va Nha Nuoc Vo San, Hanoi: Su That, 1977, p. 23.
47.	Cf. Nhi Le, op. cit.
48. Cf. Le Gian, "Mot mat xich quan trong", Lao Dong, August 13, 1987. 49. Tran Trong Tan in Tuoi Tre, October 17, 1987.
50. Cf. Le Khac Thanh,"Mot ban chi thi day khich le", Saigon Giai Phong, September 30, 1987. Cf. also Luu Trong Van, "Van con do cac vung cam die, Tuoi Tre, October 31, 1987.
51.	Cf. Le Khac Thanh, cp.cit.
52. Cf. Van Nghe, October 17, 1987.
53. Resolution of the VCP Fourth Congress in Tap chi Hoc Tap, December 1976, p. 128 54. Czeslaw Milosz, The Captive Mind (New York: Vintage Bocks, 1981), p. 63. 55. Van Nghe, cp.cit. The playwrite is the rising star Luu Quang Vu.
56. An explicit exposition of police harassment against the intelkgentsia was provided by the gifted woman writer, Duong Thu Huong, during the meeting with Nguyen Van Linh. Her speech was not allowed in the official newspaper but was smuggled out of Vietnam and published in Vietnamese monthlies in France, West Germany and the United States. Cf. Doan Ket, (Paris, February 1988, pp. 34-35.
57. Nguyen Quang Sang's dedaration in the presence of Nguyen Van Linh was reproduced in Saigon Giai Phong, October 28, 1987.
58. Cf. Nguyen Minh Chau, "Hay doc loi ai dieu cho mot giai doan van nghe minh hao", Van Nghe, December 5, 1987.
59.	Czeslaw Milsz, op.cit, p. 215.
60. Such were the common opinions of Nguyen Khac Vien, Ho Ngoc, Nguyen Quang Sang during the meeting with Linh. Cf. Van Nghe, October 17, 1987.
61.	Directive 05 of the Central Committee on May 8, 1981 regarding the consolidation of the artistic and cultural organization and leadership.
62. In his letter to the inauguration of the Third Writers' Congress, Prime Minister Pham Van Dong expressed his concern about the "exhausted spirit" of the Vietnamese writers at the time, cf. Pham Van Dong, (with To Huu), Su nghiep van nghe va su mang cuir nguoi nghe si, (Hanoi: Su That, 1984), p. 16. Cf. also reports and speeches of the delegates to the Congress printed in Van hoc trong giai doan cach mang moi, (Hanoi: Tac Pham Moi, 1984), pp. 29, 33,134,138-139.
63. Speech before the Writers' Union Executive Board on February 5, 1985 in Da Nang. Cf. Van Nghe, March 2, 1985.
64.	ibid.
65. Nguyen Chi Thien is a famous dissident poet in Hanoi who succeeded in smuggling his manuscript out of the country and is now in jail because of his audacity, cf. Que Me, Paris, May 1988, p. 22. About Doan Quoc Sy, the Southern recalcitrant writer, and his tribulations from police interrogators to education camps, cf. the special issue of Van Hoc, (California, August 1988) and its many articles especially dedicated to the conscientious dissident.
66. Cf. Nguyen Minh Chau, "Viet ve chien tranh", Van Nghe Quan Doi, November 1978, pp. 110-115, and
Indochina Report 24	Oct-Dec 1990